If history is not wrritten the way we the BAL want
then it is deemed as distortion of history. Does any
one have any commneent?
Aybui
--- Imaam Chowdhury <
imamca@yahoo.com> wrote:
>
http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060319/asp/look/story_5969733.asp> The truth about the Jessore massacre
>
> Jessore
> Map of Bangladesh
>
> Map of Jessore District (Present time)
>
> The massacre may have been genocide, but it wasn't
> committed by the Pakistan army. The dead men were
> non-Bengali residents of Jessore, butchered in broad
> daylight by Bengali nationalists, reports Sarmila
> Bose
>
> BITTER TRUTH: Civilians massacred in Jessore in 1971
> ? but by whom?
>
> RECOGNITION DENIED: Father and son killed in Dhaka
> in 1971
> The bodies lie strewn on the ground. All are adult
> men, in civilian clothes. A uniformed man with a
> rifle slung on his back is seen on the right. A
> smattering of onlookers stand around, a few appear
> to be working, perhaps to remove the bodies.
> The caption of the photo is just as grim as its
> content: 'April 2, 1971: Genocide by the Pakistan
> Occupation Force at Jessore.' It is in a book
> printed by Bangladeshis trying to commemorate the
> victims of their liberation war.
> It is a familiar scene. There are many grisly
> photographs of dead bodies from 1971, published in
> books, newspapers and websites.
> Reading another book on the 1971 war, there was that
> photograph again ? taken from a slightly different
> angle, but the bodies and the scene of the massacre
> were the same. But wait a minute! The caption here
> reads: 'The bodies of businessmen murdered by rebels
> in Jessore city.'
> The alternative caption is in The East Pakistan
> Tragedy, by L.F. Rushbrook Williams, written in 1971
> before the independence of Bangladesh. Rushbrook
> Williams is strongly in favour of the Pakistan
> government and highly critical of the Awami League.
> However, he was a fellow of All Souls College,
> Oxford, had served in academia and government in
> India, and with the BBC and The Times. There was no
> reason to think he would willfully mislabel a photo
> of a massacre.
> And so, in a bitter war where so many bodies had
> remained unclaimed, here is a set of murdered men
> whose bodies are claimed by both sides of the
> conflict! Who were these men? And who killed them?
> It turns out that the massacre in Jessore may have
> been genocide, but it wasn't committed by the
> Pakistan army. The dead men were non-Bengali
> residents of Jessore, butchered in broad daylight by
> Bengali nationalists.
> It is but one incident, but illustrative of the
> emerging reality that the conflict in 1971 in East
> Pakistan was a lot messier than most have been led
> to believe. Pakistan's military regime did try to
> crush the Bengali rebellion by force, and many
> Bengalis did die for the cause of Bangladesh's
> independence. Yet, not every allegation hurled
> against the Pakistan army was true, while many
> crimes committed in the name of Bengali nationalism
> remain concealed.
> Once one took a second look, some of the Jessore
> bodies are dressed in salwar kameez ? an indication
> that they were either West Pakistanis or 'Biharis',
> the non-Bengali East Pakistanis who had migrated
> from northern India.
> As accounts from the involved parties ? Pakistan,
> Bangladesh and India ? tend to be highly partisan,
> it was best to search for foreign eye witnesses, if
> any. My search took me to newspaper archives from 35
> years ago. The New York Times carried the photo on
> April 3, 1971, captioned: 'East Pakistani civilians,
> said to have been slain by government soldiers, lie
> in Jessore square before burial.' The Washington
> Post carried it too, right under its masthead: 'The
> bodies of civilians who East Pakistani sources said
> were massacred by the Pakistani army lie in the
> streets of Jessore.' "East Pakistani sources said",
> and without further investigation, these august
> newspapers printed the photo.
> In fact, if the Americans had read The Times of
> London of April 2 and Sunday Times of April 4 or
> talked to their British colleagues, they would have
> had a better idea of what was happening in Jessore.
> In a front-page lead article on April 2 entitled
> 'Mass Slaughter of Punjabis in East Bengal,' The
> Times war correspondent Nicholas Tomalin wrote an
> eye-witness account of how he and a team from the
> BBC programme Panorama saw Bengali troops and
> civilians march 11 Punjabi civilians to the market
> place in Jessore where they were then massacred.
> "Before we were forced to leave by threatening
> supporters of Shaikh Mujib," wrote Tomalin, "we saw
> another 40 Punjabi "spies" being taken towards the
> killing ground?"
> Tomalin followed up on April 4 in Sunday Times with
> a detailed description of the "mid-day murder" of
> Punjabis by Bengalis, along with two photos ? one of
> the Punjabi civilians with their hands bound at the
> Jessore headquarters of the East Pakistan Rifles (a
> Bengal formation which had mutinied and was fighting
> on the side of the rebels), and another of their
> dead bodies lying in the square. He wrote how the
> Bengali perpetrators tried to deceive them and
> threatened them, forcing them to leave. As other
> accounts also testify, the Bengali "irregulars" were
> the only ones in central Jessore that day, as the
> Pakistan government forces had retired to their
> cantonment.
> Though the military action had started in Dhaka on
> March 25 night, most of East Pakistan was still out
> of the government's control. Like many other places,
> "local followers of Sheikh Mujib were in control" in
> Jessore at that time. Many foreign media reported
> the killings and counter-killings unleashed by the
> bloody civil war, in which the army tried to crush
> the Bengali rebels and Bengali nationalists murdered
> non-Bengali civilians.
> Tomalin records the local Bengalis' claim that the
> government soldiers had been shooting earlier and he
> was shown other bodies of people allegedly killed by
> army firing. But the massacre of the Punjabi
> civilians by Bengalis was an event he witnessed
> himself. Tomalin was killed while covering the Yom
> Kippur war of 1973, but his eye-witness accounts
> solve the mystery of the bodies of Jessore.
> There were, of course, genuine Bengali civilian
> victims of the Pakistan army during 1971. Chandhan
> Sur and his infant son were killed on March 26 along
> with a dozen other men in Shankharipara, a Hindu
> area in Dhaka. The surviving members of the Sur
> family and other residents of Shankharipara
> recounted to me the dreadful events of that day.
> Amar, the elder son of the dead man, gave me a photo
> of his father and brother's bodies, which he said he
> had come upon at a Calcutta studio while a refugee
> in India. The photo shows a man's body lying on his
> back, clad in a lungi, with the infant near his
> feet.
> Amar Sur's anguish about the death of his father and
> brother (he lost a sister in another shooting
> incident) at the hands of the Pakistan army is
> matched by his bitterness about their plight in
> independent Bangladesh. They may be the children of
> a 'shaheed,' but their home was declared 'vested
> property' by the Bangladesh government, he said, in
> spite of documents showing that it belonged to his
> father. Even the Awami League ? support for whom had
> cost this Hindu locality so many lives in 1971 ? did
> nothing to redress this when they formed the
> government.
> In the book 1971: documents on crimes against
> humanity committed by Pakistan army and their agents
> in Bangladesh during 1971, published by the
> Liberation War Museum, Dhaka, I came across the same
> photo of the Sur father and son's dead bodies. It is
> printed twice, one a close-up of the child only,
> with the caption: 'Innocent women were raped and
> then killed along with their children by the
> barbarous Pakistan Army'. Foreigners might just have
> mistaken the 'lungi' worn by Sur for a 'saree', but
> surely Bangladeshis can tell a man in a 'lungi' when
> they see one! And why present the same 'body' twice?
>
> The contradictory claims on the photos of the dead
> of 1971 reveal in part the difficulty of recording a
> messy war, but also illustrate vividly what happens
> when political motives corrupt the cause of justice
> and humanity. The political need to spin a neat
> story of Pakistani attackers and Bengali victims
> made the Bengali perpetrators of the massacre of
> Punjabi civilians in Jessore conceal their crime and
> blame the army. The New York Times and The
> Washington Post "bought" that story too. The media's
> reputation is salvaged in this case by the
> even-handed eye-witness reports of Tomalin in The
> Times and Sunday Times.
> As for the hapless Chandhan Sur and his infant son,
> the political temptation to smear the enemy to the
> maximum by accusing him of raping and killing women
> led to Bangladeshi nationalists denying their own
> martyrs their rightful recognition. In both cases,
> the true victims ?Punjabis and Bengalis, Hindus and
> Muslims ? were cast aside, their suffering hijacked,
> by political motivations of others that victimised
> them a second time around.
>
------------
----------------------------------------------
>
> Sarmila Bose
> Dr Sarmila Bose has alternated between academia and
> media in her professional work. She majored in
> History at Bryn Mawr College and obtained her MPA
> (Kennedy School of Government) and PhD in Political
> Economy and Government from Harvard University. She
> has held teaching and research positions at Harvard,
> Warwick
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